In Management Information Systems (MIS), information is categorized into different types to fulfill specific organizational needs and support decision-making at various levels within the organization. Here are some common types of information found in MIS.
Table of content(toc)
Common Types Of Information Found In MIS
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| Common Types Of Information Found In MIS by Study Terrain |
Strategic Information
Strategic information pertains to long-term planning and decision-making at the highest levels of the organization. It includes data and analysis related to market trends, industry forecasts, competitive intelligence, and strategic initiatives. Strategic information helps senior management formulate business strategies, set goals, and allocate resources effectively.
Tactical Information
Tactical information is used by middle-level managers to monitor and control ongoing operations and activities within the organization. It includes performance metrics, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), operational reports, and project status updates. Tactical information helps managers assess progress, identify areas for improvement, and make adjustments to achieve organizational objectives.
Operational Information
Operational information supports day-to-day activities and transactions within the organization. It includes data on sales orders, inventory levels, customer transactions, employee schedules, and production output. Operational information is used by front-line employees and supervisors to execute tasks, process transactions, and ensure smooth operations.
Internal Information
Internal information is generated within the organization and pertains to its internal operations, processes, and resources. It includes data on employee demographics, organizational structure, budget allocations, and internal policies and procedures. Internal information helps managers understand the internal dynamics of the organization and make decisions related to resource allocation, workforce management, and organizational development.
External Information
External information originates from sources outside the organization and provides insights into the external environment in which the organization operates. It includes data on market conditions, economic indicators, regulatory changes, industry benchmarks, and competitor analysis. External information helps managers assess market opportunities, anticipate threats, and adapt their strategies to external factors.
Summary Information
Summary information provides aggregated views of data to facilitate decision-making and analysis. It includes summaries, totals, averages, and other statistical aggregates derived from raw data. Summary information helps managers quickly grasp key trends, patterns, and insights without having to delve into detailed data sets.
Ad Hoc Information
Ad hoc information is generated on-demand to address specific, one-time information needs or inquiries. It includes custom reports, queries, and analyses tailored to specific questions or requirements. Ad hoc information allows managers to explore data from different perspectives, investigate anomalies, and respond to unique or unforeseen situations.
Forecasting Information
Forecasting information involves predicting future trends, events, or outcomes based on historical data and statistical models. It includes sales forecasts, demand projections, budget estimates, and scenario analyses. Forecasting information helps managers anticipate future conditions, make informed decisions, and develop contingency plans to mitigate risks.
Exception Information
Exception information highlights deviations or anomalies from expected norms or thresholds. It includes alerts, notifications, and reports that flag unusual patterns, outliers, or discrepancies in data. Exception information helps managers identify problems, prioritize actions, and address issues before they escalate.
Decision Support Information
Decision support information provides analytical tools, models, and simulations to assist managers in making complex decisions. It includes decision support systems, data visualization tools, and business intelligence dashboards. Decision support information helps managers analyze data, evaluate alternatives, and assess the potential impact of different courses of action.
Summary
The types of information in MIS cater to the diverse needs of managers at different levels of the organization, providing insights, analysis, and decision support to facilitate effective planning, monitoring, and control of organizational activities. By leveraging the right mix of information types, organizations can enhance their competitiveness, agility, and strategic alignment in today's dynamic business environment.
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