A simple random sample is a type of probability sampling method where each member of the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected for the sample. In simple terms, it involves selecting individuals or units from the population in a purely random manner, without any specific criteria or stratification.
Here are the steps involved in conducting a simple random sample:
1. Define the population: Clearly define the population of interest, which is the entire group or set of individuals or units from which you want to draw your sample.
2. Determine the sample size: Decide on the desired sample size, which represents the number of individuals or units you want to include in your sample. The sample size should be determined based on factors such as the research objectives, available resources, and desired level of precision.
3. Assign a unique identifier: Assign a unique identifier to each member of the population. This could be in the form of numbers, labels, or any other method that uniquely identifies each individual or unit.
4. Randomly select the sample: Use a random selection method to choose the sample from the population. This could involve using a random number generator, drawing lots, flipping a coin, or any other method that ensures each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
5. Sample the identified individuals: With the random selection method, select the predetermined number of individuals or units from the population using the unique identifiers. The selected individuals or units form the simple random sample.
It is important to note that the selection process should be truly random and unbiased. This means that any individual or unit in the population should have an equal chance of being chosen for the sample, and no external factors or biases should influence the selection process.
Simple random sampling allows for unbiased estimation and statistical inference, as each member of the population has an equal probability of being included in the sample. It is commonly used when the population is relatively small and easily accessible, and when there are no specific strata or characteristics that need to be considered in the sampling process.
